Elijah Muhammad, the Leader of the Nation of Islam

For more than forty years, human rights activist and Muslim minister, Elijah Muhammad stood at the helm of the Nation of Islam—a religious organization that combined the teachings of Islam with a strong emphasis on morality and self-sufficiency for African-Americans. Muhammad, a devout believer in black nationalism once even said, â€Å"The Negro wants to be everything but himself[...] He wants to integrate with the white man, but he cannot integrate with himself or with his own kind. The Negro wants to lose his identity because he does not know his own identity.† Muhammad Rejects the Jim Crow South Muhammad was born Elijah Robert Poole on October 7, 1897 in Sandersville, GA. His father, William, was a sharecropper and his mother, Mariah, was a domestic worker. Muhammad workforce in Cordele, GA with his 13 siblings. By the fourth grade, he had stopped attending school and began working a variety of jobs in sawmills and brickyards. In 1917, Muhammad married Clara Evans. Together, the couple had eight children. By 1923, Muhammad had grown tired of the Jim Crow South saying, â€Å"I seen enough of the white man’s brutality to last me 26,000 years.† Muhammad moved his wife and children to Detroit as part of the great migration and found work in an automobile factory. In Detroit, Muhammad was drawn to the teachings of Marcus Garvey and became a member of the Universal Negro Improvement Association. The Nation of Islam In 1931, Muhammad met Wallace D. Fard, a salesman who had begun teaching African-Americans in the Detroit area about Islam. Fard’s teachings connected the principles of Islam with black nationalism—ideas that were attractive to Muhammad. Soon after their meeting, Muhammad converted to Islam and changed his name from Robert Elijah Poole to Elijah Muhammad. In 1934, Fard disappeared and Muhammad assumed leadership of the Nation of Islam.  Muhammad established Final Call to Islam, a news publication that helped build the membership of the religious organization. In addition, Muhammad University of Islam was founded to educate children. The Temple of Islam Following the disappearance of Fard, Muhammad took a group of the Nation of Islam’s followers to Chicago while the organization broke off into other factions of Islam. Once in Chicago, Muhammad founded Temple of Islam No. 2, establishing the town as the headquarters of the Nation of Islam. Muhammad began preaching the philosophy of the Nation of Islam and began attracting African-Americans in urban areas to the religious organization. Soon after making Chicago the national headquarters for the Nation of Islam, Muhammad traveled to Milwaukee where he established Temple No. 3 and Temple No. 4 in Washington D.C. Muhammad’s success was halted when he was imprisoned in 1942 for refusing to respond to a World War II  draft. While imprisoned, Muhammad continued to spread the teachings of the Nation of Islam to inmates. When Muhammad was released in 1946, he continued to lead the Nation of Islam, claiming that he was Allah’s messenger and that Fard was in fact, Allah. By 1955, the Nation of Islam had expanded to include 15 temples and by 1959, there 50 temples in 22 states. Until his death in 1975, Muhammad continued to grow the Nation of Islam from a small religious organization to one that had multiple streams of income and had gained national prominence. Muhammad published two books, Message to the Black Man in 1965 and How to Eat to Live in 1972. The organization’s publication, Muhammad Speaks, was in circulation and at the height of the Nation of Islam’s popularity, the organization boasted a membership of an estimated 250,000.   Muhammad also mentored men such as Malcolm X, Louis Farrakhan and several of his sons, who were also devout members of the Nation of Islam. Muhammad died of congestive heart failure in 1975 in Chicago. Sources Muhammad, Elijah. How to Eat to Live - Book One: From God In Person, Master Fard Muhammad. Paperback, Reprint edition, Secretarius Memps Publications, August 30, 2006. Muhammad, Elijah. Message to the Blackman in America. Paperback, Secretarius Memps Publications, September 5, 2006.

Marketing Analysis Brand Community - 1488 Words

Introduction: A structured set of people from different geographical background with the craving for a particular brand or product is termed as brand community. In the past people were categorised by their occupation, religion, language and ethnic backgrounds, whereas at present people are distinguished by what they buy and what they are capable of buying. The market must be analysed to strategic brand management due to the dynamics of consumption, individualization as well satisfy collective identity of brand community. Ethnography no longer differentiates people who have a predilection for a brand in common. The brand communities’ exhibits shared sense of responsibility in brand building apart from the marketing strategies initially made†¦show more content†¦Content: The dawn of 20th century is the initiation of production of goods and services which were consumer focussed, instead of the usual trend of mass production. Due to economic growth and diversified consumerism, there arises a need for the manufacturers to give additional products of to the market for their survival while still retaining their so called â€Å"BRAND† name. Knowledge of the brand communities assists manufacturers preceding the launch of new products so as to retain the positive attitude towards the product and brand as a whole. The influence of brand has grown to the extent that even in accounting there is value allotted for intangibles like goodwill of a company, which mostly contributes to the brand name. Consumers are happy to pay more to get more sophisticated products to blend in the community than left aloof. More brand oriented groups are evident; credit goes to the social media which is prevalent and influential around the globe and contributes to the growin g consumer base of reputed brands like Apple, Microsoft, Harvey Davidson motorcycle, etc. (Stratton Northcote, 2014) Communities form around brand instead of symbol around community, imparting an implication and understanding between brand owner and consumers. The brand community also depend on symbolic construction; fantasy literatures; support for sporting teams;

Budgeting Free Essays

We are living on a single income in a world that requires two or more income sources to survive. This culminates into spending more than the earnings made, thus making saving, a prerequisite for investing an unachievable dream. However, a close look justifies that not all people are cramped up with single income sources. We will write a custom essay sample on Budgeting or any similar topic only for you Order Now As discussed in this article, few lucky people have managed to utilize easy money saving tips that have enabled them to save money for investments that guarantee a financially stable future. One of the tips is budgeting, which acts as a guide in controlling what one spends. Outline what you spend on a monthly basis and correlate the spending with the income you earn. Outline a long term plan on what you want to save in a fixed time frame. This will help you determine the amount of money that you should spend or save on a monthly basis. Another tip is cutting one’s spending. To cut on unnecessary spending, you need to change you lifestyle. You can prepare food and eat at home instead of spending a lot of money eating in restaurants. Considering that replacing goods is more expensive, repair them in advance to avoid hefty costs. More so, ensure that you quit vices such as smoking and drinking among others that could incur hefty health costs and increased spending on a long-term or short-term basis. Limiting debts by going for loans with low and flexible interest rates is also another effective money saving tip. Compare different banks’ interest rates for loans and get the bank that offers the best rate. Supposing you have a business, you could try to haggle for the existing loans. For instance, threatening to relocate the business can make lending institutions quite flexible in terms of interest rates and flexibility. This can prevent you from taking unnecessary loans in a bid to repay another high interest loan when the business in not doing well. Besides the above tips, you should detect the slightest opportunities via which you can get what you want without having to spend or incur extra costs. For instance one can join reward programs that give spending point on the purchases made. With time, the spending points might help you get free stuff and save money that you would have incurred while purchasing the stuff. As we can see, money saving tips narrow down to proper budgeting, having long-term goals and a change of lifestyle. One needs to identify money saving opportunities and also opportunities for cutting down the spending. For people who find saving to be quite difficult, they can use financial advisor’s services. However, if you are well endowed with the above easiest saving tips, you can go ahead, save and transform your life. How to cite Budgeting, Papers

Marketing Strategy of Portland Drake Beverages-Free-Samples

Question: Evaluate the marketing research conducted by Portland Drake Beverages in this case. Using your knowledge of the research process, discuss the research approach(es) undertaken, how they contributed to addressing the marketing research problem, and if the research would be enough to finalise the positioning strategy for Crescent Pure. Answer: Market research is defined as the activity of collecting, analyzing and interpreting information regarding a specific market regarding a product or service which is going to be introduced in the market (Babin and Zikmund, 2015). The research also collects and analyze information about the past, current and potential future customers of the product. The information set of the customers include data regarding the characteristics, ability to spend and preferences of the customers. This in turn helps the organizations to determine the target market where it will introduce the product and determine the target audience for the product in an effective manner (Xie et al., 2017). Presently market research is considered to be the backbone of all new successful business ventures. In the context of the given case study the key problem of PDB was regarding the positioning of its newly acquired product Crescent Pure. Some people of the management team suggested that as Crescent contains some energizing ingredients it should position its products in the energy drinks segment. On the other hand, some of the other people suggested that Crescent should be introduced in the sports drinks segment as it contains hydrating elements. Now the vice president of Portland Drake beverages (BDB) is credited with the responsibility of determining the benefits and drawbacks of the available positioning strategies and determining which will be the appropriate segment where launching Crescent would be beneficial for PDB. The data obtained by conducting a market research on the energy drinks market suggest that, the market was expanding and since 2010 to 2012 the market has expanded by more than 40%. It was projected that the market for energy drinks will reach $8.5 billion in 2031 in the United States and it will be worth of $13.5 billion by 2018. In relation to the consumer data it has been observed that most of the consumers are aged between 18 to 35. While analyzing the responses obtained it was observed that most of the energy drinks were consumed by the individuals who had a monthly income less than $25,000. In the context of competitors also in has been observed that Crescent will face significant competition in the energy drinks segment. As most of the renowned organizations like Together, Razor, Torque and Stellar comprise 85% of the market share while the rest 15% of the market are shared between other nearly thirty different regional drink manufacturers. As the consumers are becoming concerned about their health promoting an energy drink with lower level of caffeine and with more pure ingredients would attract the attention of the customers (Rothschild, 2014). This can be considered as an opportunity to the company. In the context of threats it can be stated that news stories are highlighting several facts about the energy drinks. Due to this 32% of the consumers aged over 18 stated that in the last six month they had consumed energy drink while 11% stated that they have consumed less than they used to a year ago. In relation to the sports drink market the collected consumer responses suggested that nearly half of the men population consume sports drinks while only one third of women consume sports drinks. Nearly 40% of the male and 27% of the female found sports drinks to be refreshing. Sports drinks are more appealing to the younger customers. There are two major competitors in the market Gleam and Drip who possess 73% and 21% of the total market share respectively while the rest of the 6% market share is fairly shared by almost 20 producers. As people are becoming more concerned about the childhood obesity which resulted in government-mandated rule of removing high calorie sugary foods (Munsell et al., 2016). Developing a new drink with low sugar and diet components may be an area of growth for the organization. From 2012 to 2017 the market for diet and low sugar sports drinks were expected to increase from $1.4 billion to $2.97 billion. As per the customer analysis it can be observed that taste of the drink appeals to most of the customers and after knowing the amount of caffeine contents only 25% of them remained concerned about the energy component. There were some customers who stated that Crescent is just a drink they wanted as a beverage for long, its healthy ingredients, better taste and energy contents made it stand out from the crowd. This specific criteria thrown a focus on health and wellness which attracted a specific demographic segment. On the basis of the market research analysis Ryan came to the decision that younger population who are health conscious would be the prospective customers for Crescent. Hence a third broad appeal segment has been considered which is the organic refreshment drink which takes the advantage of the growth of organic food and beverage industry. Reference List Babin, B.J. and Zikmund, W.G., 2015.Exploring marketing research. Cengage Learning. Munsell, C.R., Harris, J.L., Sarda, V. and Schwartz, M.B., 2016. Parents beliefs about the healthfulness of sugary drink options: opportunities to address misperceptions.Public health nutrition,19(1), pp.46-54. Rothschild, A.R., 2014.System and method for adding an advertisement to a personal communication. U.S. Patent 8,645,211. Xie, W., Bivins, M.A., Jones, S., Deng, K.K., Schiller, B., Sullivan, J., Terrazas, A. and Sheppard, M., Nielsen Co (US) LLC, 2017.Context-based image recognition for consumer market research. U.S. Patent 9,569,692.